During the shot window, how long should extraction take?

• A. 5 to 15 seconds
• B. 30 to 60 seconds
• C. 60 to 90 seconds
• D. 17 to 27 seconds

Answer: (D)

Extraction time in the shot window should be about 17 to 27 seconds. This range hits a balance: enough time to pull out the desirable flavors, sweetness, and aroma that give the shot depth, without over-extracting the bitter compounds that can make it harsh. If the shot pulls in under 17 seconds, you often get under-extracted notes—thin body and sour or flat flavors. If it runs past 27 seconds, the shot tends toward over-extraction, bringing bitterness and a heavy, astringent finish. Since grind size, dose, tamp, and machine pressure all affect flow, use 17–27 seconds as a target and adjust equipment to land inside that window. If you find you’re faster than that, grind finer to slow extraction; if you’re slower, grind coarser to speed it up.